Given that told me about Addition, certain adjectives try polysemous in a manner that for every single experience falls into the good some other group of the fresh categories merely showed. Envision like the adjective economic inside Analogy (1), repeated right here due to the fact Example (9) getting convenience. The 2 fundamental sensory faculties off economic instantiate the fresh new relational (experience in Analogy (9a)) while the qualitative class (sense when you look at the Example (9b)), correspondingly.
Instances of regular polysemy involving the intensional and qualitative kinds and additionally can be found, while the depicted inside Examples (12) and you will (13)
Crucially for our objectives, within the each of the sensory faculties the newest adjective exhibits brand new properties regarding all the relevant categories. Whenever made use of while the an excellent relational adjective, this is not gradable and cannot be used for the an effective pre-nominal reputation (Analogy (10)). On studies you to pursue, we aim from the trapping that it hybrid decisions.
When utilized because good qualitative adjective, it’s gradable and it may be studied predicatively (come across Example (11))
Antic possess one or two major senses, a good qualitative that (equivalent to ‘dated, ancient’) and you may an intensional you to definitely (equal to ‘former’). Mention once more you to definitely, when utilized in new intensional experience, it shows services of your intensional classification: It appears pre-nominally (Analogy (13a)) that will be perhaps not gradable (Analogy (13b)).
The fresh classification in the choice group, that event-relevant adjectives, also brings up regular polysemy, particularly, anywhere between skills-related and qualitative adjectives, since portrayed for the Examples (14) and you can (15). Brand new participial adjective sabut (‘known’) has an event-related feel, add up to this new verb saber (‘know’), and you may a beneficial qualitative sense which might be interpreted because the ‘wise’. Simultaneously, the newest deverbal adjective cridaner produced by cridar (‘in order to shout’) alternates anywhere between an event-relevant experience and you may an effective qualitative experience.
Instances (14) and you may (15) show cases of normal polysemy just like the, as can end up being pulled regarding the translations, there can be a health-related change out-of a transparent relation towards feel to an excellent you to bears a distant reference to case. When it comes to sabut the newest family relations is love ru clear (when the a person knows a great deal, he could be wise); when it comes to cridaner, a clothing qualifies with the adjective in case it is by way of example loud-coloured otherwise possess an eccentric slashed, so it gains the attention of people, while the screaming does.
In this post, i merely thought sorts of polysemy you to definitely reduce along the category pursued. Other kinds of polysemy having traditionally already been undertaken regarding the books are not thought. For instance, we’re going to not be concerned with the new polysemy depicted when you look at the Example (16), which probably keeps far more regarding the brand new semantics of your altered noun than just that the brand new adjective (Pustejovsky 1995). All of the spends out of trist (‘sad’) represented during the Example (16) fall into new qualitative category, very, against the functions by Lapata (2000; Lapata (2001) quoted before, we really do not clean out the newest adjective since the polysemous in the perspective of your expose tests.
Because of the hybrid conclusion of polysemous adjectives informed me within the Part 3, we can expect that they operate in different ways of adjectives regarding very first categories. Such as, adjectives polysemous between good qualitative and a relational have fun with is always to exhibit way more evidence getting gradability than just sheer relational adjectives, however, below natural qualitative adjectives. Within this take a look at, polysemous adjectives fall under a course, as an example, the qualitative-relational category, that’s not the same as both the qualitative plus the relational kinds, usually exhibiting function opinions that will be in between the ones from new first kinds. Contained in this part, i post on experiments review correctly which model for normal polysemy. We are going to therefore differentiate anywhere between five particular adjectives: qualitative, intensional, relational, polysemous between a qualitative and you may an enthusiastic intensional studying (intensional-qualitative), and you can polysemous between good qualitative and an effective relational studying (qualitative-relational). There is certainly one polysemous classification shed (intensional-relational). No instances of polysemy between intensional and you may relational adjectives was in fact observed within research.